Essay about Changes in Thought Between 1301 and 1350

Changes in Thought Between 1301 and 1350 The time between 1301 and 1350 was a very chaotic period in human evolution. All factions of society were undergoing turbulent changes, which had a profound effect on society. During the latter part of the 13th and early 14th century there was an increase in the amount of cultivable land, thus production of crops was greater. The extra profit from these crops allowed former slaves to have enough money to buy their freedom and try to make a living on their own. Mostly uneducated, the slaves would eventually return to what they knew best, which was farming. The former slaves would be given a small piece of land by the lord of the manor in return for a portion of their crops. These people†¦show more content†¦With this decree Pope Clement VI tried to depose Louis as ruler and elected in his place Charles IV. Though Louis ruled until his death in 1347, Charles did eventually ascend to the throne. The church also controlled the amount and type of knowledge people could possess. The church believed that true knowledge could only be attained through divine revelation. Any type of teaching that implied that God was not the creator was strictly condemned and the writer was often severely punished. Even with the domination of the church, the number of well-educated people began to rise. The increase in commercial and social interests allowed for more universities to be constructed and educational activities became more readily available to the public. The more educated people no longer heeded the strict teachings of the church, but could now comprehend a more scientific approach to life. An early philosopher named St. Augustine had taught, that since God had created nature, the study of nature was the study of God through his works. Theologians and scholars battled between Augustine’s ideas and the churches teachings for centuries. Though the church protested, the works of pagan philosophers continued to be taught mainly because their theoriesShow MoreRelatedBee Movie Script13767 Words   |  56 Pagesto us! Well be in row 118,000. 76. - Bye! 77. 78. 79. Barry, I told you, 80. stop flying in the house! 81. 82. 83. - Hey, Adam. 84. - Hey, Barry. 85. 86. 87. - Is that fuzz gel? 88. - A little. Special day, graduation. 89. 90. 91. Never thought Id make it. 92. 93. 94. Three days grade school, 95. three days high school. 96. 97. 98. Those were awkward. 99. 100. 101. Three days college. Im glad I took 102. a day and hitchhiked around the hive. 103. 104. 105. You did come back differentRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagestoday’s health care system, while repairing 6 the aspects that are broken. 7 (3) INSURANCE 8 REFORMS.—This division— (A) enacts strong insurance market re- 9 forms; 10 (B) creates a new Health Insurance Ex- 11 change, with a public health insurance option 12 alongside private plans; 13 (C) includes sliding scale affordability 14 credits; and 15 (D) initiates shared responsibility among 16 workers, employers, and the Government;

Mrt Jakarta Free Essays

The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit System is an ongoing transportation infrastructure project in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It consists of a partially elevated and partially underground railway system. Construction of the first phase of the project is expected to start in 2013 and is planned to be operational in 2016. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrt Jakarta or any similar topic only for you Order Now [1] Contents [hide] 1 Background of the project 2 Lines 2. 1 North-South corridor 2. 1. 1 Phase I 2. 2 East-West corridor 3 Project Progress 4 PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta 5 References 6 External links [edit]Background of the project Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It is an urban metropolis with over 8 million inhabitants. It is predicted that over four million residents of the surrounding Jabodetabek area commute in and out of the city each working day. Transport issues have increasingly begun to attract political attention and it has been estimated that in 2020 without a major transportation breakthrough traffic jams will overwhelm the city. Since 1980 more than twenty-five general and special subject studies have been conducted related to possible Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) systems in Jakarta. One of the major reasons for the delays in tackling the problem was the economic crisis of 1997-98. Before the crisis a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme was considered as part of a new MRT calling for private sector involvement. After the crisis, the plan to rely on a BOT to provide financing proved infeasible and the MRT project was again proposed as a government-funded scheme. Current public transportation in Jakarta mainly consists of various types of buses, starting from the very small bemo and pickup sized mikrolet, to slightly larger minbuses and full sized city buses. There are also both two and four wheeled taxis. Current transport systems include widely used MetroMini and Kopaja cheap minibuses, and the TransJakarta bus rapid transit system, and the Jabodetabek Commuter Railway. [edit]Lines The rail-based Jakarta MRT is expected to stretch across over 108 kilometres, including 21. 7 km for the North-South Corridor (From Lebak Bulus to Kampung Bandan) and 87 km for East-West Corridor(From Balaraja to Cikarang). [2] [edit]North-South corridor The North-South corridor will be built in two phases. Phase I, will be constructed in advance connects Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI along 15. km including 13 stations (7 elevated stations and 6 underground stations). The Indonesian ministry of Transport approved this plan in September 2010 and invited tenders and will be built at April 2012. [3] Phase II, will extend the North-South line from Bundaran HI to Kampung Bandan (7 underground stations and 1 ground-level station), targeted to operate in 2018 (accelera ted from 2020 as the original plan[4]). [5] After completion of MRT Phase I and II, together with TransJakarta will serve 60 percent total trips made by Jakartans. edit]Phase I The first phase is 15. 7 kilometres (9. 8 mi) long from Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI. The construction project will begin in June 2011 and is expected to be completed in 2016 to serve 212,000 passengers per day. This expected capacity may be maxed out to 960,000 per day. The 15. 7 kilometers span expected to be covered in under 30 minutes. [6] Elevated stations Lebak Bulus Fatmawati Cipete Haji Nawi Blok A Blok M Sisingamangaraja Underground stations Al-Azhar mosque Senayan Bendungan Hilir Setiabudi Dukuh Atas (Interchange Station with Jakarta Commuter Line) Bundaran H. I [edit]East-West corridor This corridor is currently in pre-feasibility study phase. The line is targeted to operate in 2027. [edit]Project Progress Progress of the first phase was funded through a loan by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), now merged into the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The loan number IP is 536 (signed November 2006) for engineering services. The engineering services loan is a pre-construction loan to prepare the construction phase. It consists of: Basic Design package, managed by the DGR (Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transport) Management and Operation package, managed by the Bappeda (Jakarta Regional Planning Board) Construction assistance in tender, managed by the PT MRT Jakarta On March 31, 2009, Loan Agreement 2 (LA2) for the amount of 48,150 billion Yen to build the Jakarta MRT System was signed by the Indonesian Government (represented by the Indonesian Ambassador for Japan) and JICA in Tokyo, Japan. [7] This loan is to be forwarded from the National Government to the Jakarta City Administration as a grant (on-granting agreement). 8] After the signing of the granting agreement for LA2, city administration will propose another two loan agreements for LA3 and LA4 to the central government. These proposals will become a lending agreement for the local government. The total amount of LA3 and LA4 addressed as a loan by the local government is about 71867 billion yen. This amount is based on the progress, outcome and absorbance of LA2. The total loan package from JICA for the development of the Jakarta MRT system is worth a total of 120 billion yen. Work on the basic design for the first phase of the current version of the project began in late 2010. The tender process was underway in late 2012 when the new governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo, unexpectedly said that he wanted a review of the project. After several months of uncertainty governor Joko Widodo announced that the project would go ahead. He listed it as one of the priority projects in the Jakarta city budget for 2013. [9] Physical construction is expected to begin in 2013[10] and the line is expected to be operational by 2017. [edit]PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (PT MRTJ) is a limited liability (Perseroan Terbatas) company founded by the Jakarta Provincial Government. Its establishment was approved by the provincial parliament (DPRD) on 10 June 2008 and final establishment was by notary act on 17 June 2008. Its purpose is to operate the Jakarta MRT System. The shares are made up from 99% Jakarta Provincial Government and 1% PT Pasar Jaya (another Jakarta Reginal-Government-Owned-Company). PT MRTJ is classed as a Regional-Government-Owned-Company (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah-BUMD). The BUMD form for PT MRTJ is designed not to create profits for the shareholders, but instead to create flexibility in accessing alternative financing, which would otherwise be impossible if the company was directly part of the government. With this, the cost of tickets sold to clients will be reduced with some of the operational cost being subsidised by other sources. The BUMD form also ensures transparency and accountability through the shareholders’ General Meeting, Decision Making and Reporting System which will be publicly available. How to cite Mrt Jakarta, Essay examples

The Death of Ivan Ilych by Leo Tolstoy free essay sample

Analyzes protagonists shallow life redemptive death role of his servant in his spiritual awakening. This study will analyze Leo Tolstoys short novel The Death of Ivan Ilych, focusing on the physical and symbolic causes of the protagonists death, the view of Russian society projected by the author, and the role and symbolic significance of Ivans servant Gerasim plays in the story and in the life and awakening of Ivan. The study will argue basically that Ivan lived a shallow life ruled by selfishness and materialism, incurred a mysterious illness, and just before his death underwent a spiritual conversion marked by clearly Christian references. Gerasim plays a helpful role in directly and indirectly guiding Ivan toward this awakening. The physical aspect of Ivans illness is clearly meant by Tolstoy to be both a mystery and quite ordinary. The onset of the illness is caused by an apparently minor mishap. We will write a custom essay sample on The Death of Ivan Ilych by Leo Tolstoy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ivan has just